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Edyth Walker
Edyth Walker (March 27, 1867 – February 19, 1950) was an American opera singer who had an active international career from the 1890s through the 1910s. She began her career performing roles from the mezzo-soprano repertory, but later successfully added several soprano parts to her repertoire as well. While she did perform in Italian and French language operas, she had a clear affinity for works in the German language. She particularly excelled in the operas of Richard Wagner. After retiring from the stage, she was active as a voice teacher in both France and the United States. Her voice is preserved on several gramophone recordings, made mainly for His Master's Voice, between 1902-08.〔
==Early life and career==
Born in Hopewell, New York, Walker had her initial musical training at her church in her native town where she sang in the choir and began performing solos at the age of 14. She took a position as a teacher in Utica, New York, where she was also active as a soloist at her church. She entered and won a singing competition which provided her with a scholarship that enabled her to study singing in Europe. She arrived in Dresden, Germany, in 1891 where she became a pupil of Aglaia Orgeni. She later studied singing with Marianne Brandt in Vienna.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Edyth Walker )〕
Walker made her professional debut as a concert singer at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig in 1892. She made her professional opera debut on 11 November 1894 at the Berlin State Opera as Fidès in Giacomo Meyerbeer's ''Le prophète''. The following year she became a member of the Vienna State Opera where she was a leading mezzo-soprano with the company for eight seasons. She notably sang the role of Magdalena in the Vienna premiere of Wilhelm Kienzl's ''Der Evangelimann'' in 1896. She was also much admired in Vienna for her interpretation of the role of Amneris in Giuseppe Verdi's ''Aida''.〔
While under contract in Vienna, Walker made guest appearances with other European theatres. She made her first appearance in the UK at the Royal Opera House in London, singing the role of Amneris on 16 May 1900. She sang several more roles at Covent Garden in 1900-1901, all of them from the Wagnerian repertoire, including Erda in ''Siegfried'', Fricka in both ''Die Walküre'' and ''Das Rheingold'', Ortrud in ''Lohengrin'', and Waltraute in ''Götterdämmerung''.〔 In 1901 she portrayed the role of Elvira in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's ''Don Giovanni'' at the Salzburg Festival.〔
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